Probability and statistics are two mathematical subjects that seem intuitive. Unfortunately, it is not so, and biases and fallacies can mislead our clinical intuition. We run serious risks in our clinical decisions if we do not correctly grasp the conceptual import of probability and statistics.

The ethic and existential impact of presymptomatic cancer tests on individuals and on their choices are analysed. Moreover, the issues of the right (not) to know and (not) to treat are considered inside the framework of the ethical counselling.

Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia (APL) is a rare and highly aggressive condition, once considered the most severe and incurable acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Since its initial description in the 1950s, significant progress has been made in understanding the disease, including the identification of the leukemic transformation process, the t(15;17) translocation, and the rearrangement of the retinoic acid receptor alfa (RARA) with the PML gene in the 1970s.